GIR 


IN  MEMORIAL 
George  Davidson 


-1  on 


Professor  of  Geography 
University  of  California 


/ 


*•' 


POWER   STATIONS 


POWER   STATIONS 


BY 


THOMAS  EDWARD  MURRAY,  LL.D.,  D.Sc. 

Past   President   Association    of   Edison   Illuminating    Companies,    Member 

American    Society    Mechanical    Engineers,    Fellow    American 

Institute  Electrical  Engineers. 


NEW   YORK 

1QQ9 

J-  \J  fW 


COPYRIGHT,   1932 

BY 
THOMAS  EDWARD  MURRAY 


Printed  in  U.  S.  A. 


ULStA 


PREFACE 

The  birthday  of  the  central  station  industry  engaged  in  the 
production  and  distribution  of  electrical  energy  for  heat,  light 
and  power  purposes  can  be  assigned  to  the  4th  of  September, 
1882.  On  that  day  regular  commercial  service  was  inaugu- 
rated from  the  old  Pearl  Street  Station  (New  York)  designed 
and  built  for  the  Edison  Electric  Illuminating  Company  of 
New  York  by  the  master  of  the  industry — Thomas  Alva 
Edison. 

Many  of  the  characteristic  features  of  the  most  modern 
plant  of  to-day,  such  as  direct  connected  units,  high  speed 
prime  movers,  water  tube  boilers,  coal  and  ash  conveying  ma- 
chinery and  units  operated  mechanically  and  electrically  in 
parallel  were  incorporated  in  this  remarkable  pioneer  plant. 
While  the  total  capacity  of  the  six  units  of  this  early  instal- 
lation was  less  than  one-sixth  of  the  capacity  of  a  single  unit 
of  one  of  our  huge  modern  generating  stations,  it  can  be  said 
to  be  the  prototype  of  the  stations  that  followed  it  for  many 
years. 

The  problems  that  presented  themselves  then  were  largely 
questions  of  design  and  application  for  which  there  was  no 
precedent  and  no  experience  to  point  the  way.  Now  all  these 
things  have  changed;  the  mechanical  and  electrical  apparatus 
has  become  more  or  less  standardized  and  the  building  of  a 
large  power  plant  is  principally  a  matter  of  the  economical 
arrangement  of  the  equipment,  the  development  of  the  struc- 
tural design  and  the  carrying  out  of  the  building  and  instal- 
lation operations  with  the  utmost  efficiency  in  the  utilization 
of  labor  and  material. 

To  produce  a  structure  which  is  pleasing  to  the  eye  and 
which  fulfils  its  mission  from  an  operating  standpoint  and  at 
the  lowest  possible  cost,  represents  a  co-ordination  of  admin- 
istrative, engineering  and  constructive  functions  which  can  be 
secured  only  through  an  experienced  and  competent  organiza- 
tion capable  of  synchronizing  the  preparation  of  specifications, 
placing  of  contracts  and  the  routing  and  delivery  of  all  of  the 
immense  amount  of  materials  and  supplies  that  enter  into  such 
a  complex  structure  as  a  modern  power  station. 

vii 


viii  PREFACE 

It  is  necessary  that  the  organization  provide  for  inspection 
in  the  field  of  the  materials  and  equipment,  provision  for  their 
delivery  in  the  order  and  at  the  time  required,  and  the  han- 
dling, storage  and  accounting  for  the  supplies  as  they  arrive  on 
the  job. 

In  the  following  pages  are  described  and  illustrated  some  of 
the  largest  plants — steam  and  hydro-electric — amounting  in 
total  to  over  a  million  and  a  half  horsepower,  which  have  been 
designed  and  constructed  during  the  past  twenty  years  by  Mr. 
Thomas  E.  Murray  and  associated  engineers. 

A  careful  study  of  this  volume  will  be  of  interest  to  oper- 
ators as  well  as  builders  of  central  power  stations  and  will 
reveal  many  unique  features  in  construction  and  arrangement, 
embodying  the  results  of  long  experience  in  connection  with 
the  construction  and  operation  of  some  of  the  largest  hydro- 
electric, street  railway  and  steam  generating  systems  in  the 
country. 

JOHN  W.  LIETC. 


THOMAS  ALVA  EDISON 


The  Master  Pioneer  of  the  Electrical  Industry,  to 
whose  inventive  genius  we  owe  the  conception  of  the 
central  station  and  who  was  the  builder  of  the  first 
central  station  for  the  generation  and  distribution 
of  electricity  for  light,  heat  and  power. 


ANTHONY  NICHOLAS  BRADY 


To  whose  economic  vision  and  constructive  genius 
the  Electrical  Industry  is  indebted  for  the  expansion 
of  the  Public  Utility  enterprises  that  made  possible 
the  building  of  electric  power  stations  aggregating 
over  one  million  three  hundred  thousand  horsepower. 


INTRODUCTION 

THE  OBJECT  of  this  volume  is  to  supplement  the  book  entitled 
"Electric  Power  Plants"  published  in  1910  and  to  make  available 
in  convenient  and  concise  form  some  of  the  more  important  data 
relating  to  the  design  of  several  modern  steam  and  hydro-electric 
stations  which  have  been  erected  under  the  author's  supervision, 
with  illustrations  of  their  outstanding  features.  Because  of  their 
related  interest.,  a  boiler  plant  for  a  Government  War  development 
and  a  boiler  plant  for  an  oil  refinery  have  been  included. 

The  design  of  a  power  station  invariably  presents  new  problems 
that  must  be  solved  for  each  individual  case.,  not  only  because  of 
local  requirements  of  site  and  load  characteristics,  but  also  because 
of  advances  in  the  art  and  the  rapid  development  that  is  taking- 
place  in  the  design  of  both  the  major  and  minor  steam  and  electrical 
equipment. 

The  design  of  a  modern  station,  with  its  complexity  of  detail,  is 
not  the  product  of  a  single  mind  and  the  author  wishes  to  take  this 
opportunity  to  renew  his  acknowledgment  and  appreciation  of  the 
efficient  co-operation  and  assistance  which  he  has  received  from  the 
executive  and  engineering  staffs  of  the  companies  concerned  and 
of  his  own  engineering  assistants. 

THOMAS   EDWARD  MURRAY. 


ix 


CONTENTS 

PAGE 

Millers  Ford  Station 3 

Riverside  Station 21 

Sherman  Creek  Station 33 

Explosives  Plant  "C" 51 

Prudential  Oil  Corporation 69 

Williamsburg  Power  Station  Annex 77 

Hell  Gate  Station 83 

Waterside  Station  No.  1 109 

Waterside  Station  No.  2 119 

Washington   Street   Station .131 

Trenton  Falls  Hydro-Electric  Station 141 

Hales  Bar  Station 151 

Cohoes  Falls  Station 159 

Substations 169 

Table  of  Stations  Designed  Under  Supervision  of  Thomas 

E.  Murray 178 


MILLERS  FORD  STATION 

The  Dayton  Power  and  Light  Company 
Dayton,  Ohio 


MILLERS  FORD  STATION,   DAYTON,   OHIO 


MILLERS  FORD  STATION 

DAYTON  POWER  AND  LIGHT  COMPANY,  DAYTON,  OHIO 

Capacity:     45,000  kw. 

Building:  Brick  with  steel  frame  on  concrete  foundation. 
Boiler  Room,  144  ft.  x  104  ft.  Turbine  Room,  117  ft. 
x  74  ft.  Electrical  Galleries,  117  ft.  x  39  ft. 

Boilers:  Six  1373  h.p.  water  tube  boilers  with  superheaters 
and  Metropolitan  Cinder  and  Dust  Catchers. 

Stokers:     One  fourteen  retort  underfeed  for  each  boiler. 
Stoker  Drive:     Motor  and  engine. 

Forced  Draft:  Four  turbine-driven  blowers,  80,000  cu.  ft. 
p.m.  capacity.  One  motor-driven  blower,  80,000  cu.  ft. 
p.m.  capacity. 

Stacks:  Two  16  ft.  dia.  steel,  lined  with  4  in.  brick;  310  ft. 
above  boiler  room  floor. 

Coal  Handling:  Steel  tower  on  boiler  house  roof;  coal  is 
distributed  by  three-ton  coal  car  to  bunker. 

Ash  Handling:  Ashes  removed  in  J^-ton  cars  from  hoppers 
to  outside  of  building. 

Steam    Conditions:     200    lb.    pressure,    125°    F.    superheat. 

Condensers:  One  30,000  sq.  ft.  surface,  and  two  15,000 
sq.  ft.  surface,  with  combination  turbine  and  motor-driven 
auxiliaries. 

Feed  Pumps:  Two  1,000  g.p.m.  and  two  500  g.p.m.,  turbine 
driven. 

Heaters:  Two  open  feed  water,  each  500,000  Ibs.  per  hour 
capacity. 

Service  Pumps:  Two  500  g.p.m.  and  one  300  g.p.m.,  tur- 
bine-driven. One  300  g.p.m.,  motor-driven. 


4  MILLERS  FORD  STATION 

Generating  Equipment:  One  20,000  k.w.,  6600  volts,  60 
cycle,  3  phase,  horizontal  turbo-generator.  Two  12,500 
kw.,  6600  volt,  60  cycle,  3  phase,  horizontal  turbo-gen- 
erators. 4 

Exciters:  Two  170  kw.  and  one  110  kw.,  240  volt,  direct 
connected.  One  100  kw.,  240  volt,  geared  turbine  unit. 

Transformers:  Two  banks  900  kw.,  6,600/230  volt.  Two 
banks  200  kw.,  6600/230/115  volt. 

Motor  Generators:  One  12.5  kw.  for  battery  charging. 

Switching  Equipment:  Remote  control  electrically  operated 
oil  switches. 

Storage  Battery:   120  cell,  250  volt,  120  ampere  for  one  hour. 

Reactance  Coils:  Nine  700  amp.,  6600  volt,  single  phase, 
60  cycle,  400  kv.a.  Eighteen  350  amp.,  6600  volt, 
single  phase,  60  cycle,  200  kv.a.  Nine  25  amp.,  6600 
volt,  single  phase,  60  cycle,  5.7  kv.a. 

Traveling  Crane:  One  75-ton,  motor-driven,  with  10-ton 
auxiliary  hoist. 

District  Served:  Lighting,  industrial  power  and  railways  in 
City  of  Dayton  and  surrounding  communities. 

Built:     1918. 


MILLERS  FORD  STATION 


MILLERS  FORD  STATION 


MILLERS  FORD  STATION 


COAL  HANDLING  TOWER.,  MILLERS  FORD  STATION 


MILLERS  FORD  STATION 


MILLERS  FORD  STATION 


FORCED  DRAFT  BLOWERS,  MILLERS  FORD  STATION 


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MILLERS  FORD  STATION 


MILLERS  FORD  STATION 


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BOILER  FEED  PUMPS,  MILLERS  FORD  STATION 


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RIVERSIDE  STATION 

Municipal  Gas  Company 
Albany,  New  York 


RIVERSIDE  STATION,  ALBANY,  N.   Y. 


RIVERSIDE    STATION 

MUNICIPAL  GAS   COMPANY 
ALBANY,  NEW  YORK 

Capacity:     15,000  kw. 

Building:  Brick  with  steel  frame.  Concrete  foundations, 
partly  on  piles.  Boiler  Room,  121  ft.  x  51  ft.  Turbine 
Room,  50  ft.  x  73  ft.  Electrical  Galleries,  48  ft.  x  73  ft. 

Boilers:     Six  650  h.p.  water  tube  with  superheaters. 
Stokers :      One  7  retort  underfeed  for  each  boiler. 

Stoker  Drive:  Two  6x7  vertical  engines  Avith  variable 
speed  transmissions. 

Forced  Draft:  Two  80,000  cu.  ft.  turbine-driven  geared 
blowers,  7  in.  static  pressure. 

Stacks:  Two  9  ft.,  6  in.  diameter,  steel,  unlined.  Height 
above  boiler  floor,  174  ft. 

Coal  Handling:  Traveling  tower  with  crusher  on  top  of 
boiler  house.  Capacity,  45  tons  per  hour.  Locomotive 
crane  for  storage. 

Ash  Handling:     Dump  cars. 

Generating  Equipment:  Two  7500  kw.,  80%  p.f.,  12,000 
volt,  3  phase,  40  cycle,  2400  r.p.m.,  turbo-generators 
with  direct  connected  exciters. 

Steam  Conditions:  200  Ibs.  pressure  and  100°  F.  super- 
heat. 

Condensing  Equipment:  Two  8,000  sq.  ft.  surface  con- 
densers with  turbine-driven  auxiliaries. 

Traveling  Crane:  One  50-ton  electric  with  10-ton  auxiliary 
hoist. 

Feed  Pumps:  Two  500  g.p.m.  centrifugal  pumps,  turbine- 
driven. 

21 


22  RIVERSIDE  STATION 

Heaters:     Two  6,000  h.p.   open  heaters. 

Service  Pumps:  Two  500  g.p.m.  centrifugal  pumps,  tur- 
bine-driven. 

4 

Exciters:  Two  55  kw.,  direct  connected.  One  100  kw., 
steam-driven. 

Transformers:  Two  1,000  kv.a.,  3  phase,  12000/2400  volt. 
One  40  kw.,  single  phase,  2400/240/120  volt.  Three  100 
kw.,  3  phase,  2400/240  volt. 

Motor  Generators:     One  10  kw.  battery  charging. 
Switching    Kquipment:     Electrically   operated   oil   switches. 
Storage  Battery:     120  cells,  240  volt,  60  amp.  for  one  hour. 

Reactance  Coils:  For  12,000  volt  feeders  and  transformer 
banks. 

District  Served :  Albany  and  outlying  suburbs.  Connec- 
tions made  with  Cohoes  Power  and  Light  Corporation. 

Station  Built:     In  1915. 


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SHERMAN  CREEK  STATION 

The  United  Electric  Light  and  Power  Company 
New  York  City 


SHERMAN   CREEK   STATION,  NEW  YORK   CITY 


SHERMAN    CREEK    STATION 

THE  UNITED  ELECTRIC  LIGHT  AND  POWER  COMPANY 
201sT  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

Capacity:     151,600  kw. 

Building:  Brick  with  steel  frame  on  concrete  foundations. 
Boiler  Room,  209  ft.  x  199  ft.  Operating  Room,  199 
ft.  x  71  ft.  Electrical  Galleries,  seven  floors,  170  ft.  x 
48  ft. 

Boilers:  Forty-four  650  h.p.  water  tube,  with  superheaters 
and  equipped  with  Metropolitan  Cinder  Catchers. 

Stokers:      Seven  retort  underfeed. 

Stoker  Drive:  Thirty  h.p.  induction  motors  with  variable 
speed  transmissions. 

Forced  Draft:  Fifteen  double  inlet  turbine-driven  blowers 
each  having  a  capacity  of  80,000  cu.  ft.  per  minute  at  7  in. 
static  pressure. 

Stacks:  Four  20  ft.  6  in.,  steel  lined  with  brick,  300  ft. 
above  first  floor. 

Coal  Handling:  Two  one-man  towers  each  equipped  with 
11/2  ton  buckets,  capacity  300  tons  per  hour. 

Ash  Handling:     Dump  cars  and  electric  locomotives. 
Steam  Conditions:     200  Ibs.,  100°  F.  superheat. 

Condensers:  Three  2  pass,  20,000  sq.  ft.  surface  with 
turbine-driven  auxiliaries.  Two  radial  flow,  30,000  sq. 
ft.  surface  with  turbine-driven  auxiliaries.  Three  40,000 
sq.  ft.  surface  with  turbine-driven  auxiliaries. 

Feed  Pumps:  Three  1,000  g.p.m.  turbine-driven.  One  500 
g.p.m.,  motor-driven.  Two  1,000  g.p.m.  motor  driven. 

Heaters:     Four  600,000  Ibs.  steam  per  hour,  open  type. 
Service  Pumps:     Three  1,000  g.p.m.,  turbine-driven. 

33 


34  SHERMAN  CREEK  STATION 

Generating  Equipment:  Three  15,200  kw.,  7500  volt,  60 
cycle,  3  phase  horizontal  turbo-generators.  Two  20,000 
kw.  6600  volt,  25  cycle,  3  phase  horizontal  turbo- 
generators. Three  22,000  kw.,  7500  volt,  60  cycle,  3 
phase,  horizontal  turbo-generators. 

Exciters:     Six  200  kw.,  250-275  volt,  motor-driven. 

Motor  Generators:  One  7500  kw.,  frequency  changer  25 
cycle,  6600  volt,  60  cycle,  7800  volt. 

Switching  Equipment:  Remote  control  electrically  oper- 
ated oil  switches. 

Storage  Battery:     One   142  cell,  3500  amp.,  for  one  hour. 

Reactance  Coils:  Exciters,  five  sets  of  three  coils,  2.5  kv.a., 
15  amp.,  7800  volt.  Feeders,  23  sets  of  two  coils,  80 
kv.a.,  300  amp.,  7800  volt.  Bus  ties,  three  sets  of  three 
coils,  1624  kv.a.,  2,000  amp.,  7800  volt. 

Traveling  Crane:  Four  motor  75-ton  crane  with  10-ton 
auxiliary  hoist. 

District  Served:  60  cycle  service  in  Boroughs  of  Man- 
hattan, Queens  and  Bronx,  and  in  Westchester  County. 
25  cycle  service  to  the  N.  Y.,  N.  H.  &  H.  Railroad. 

Station  Built:     1913. 


SHERMAN  CREEK  STATION 


SHERMAN  CREEK  STATION 


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United  States  Government 
Nitro,  West  Virginia 


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UNITED   STATES   GOVERNMENT 
NITRO,  WEST  VIRGINIA 

Capacity:     Turbo-generators   3,000   kw.,   boilers   35462   h.p. 

Buildings:  Power  House,  brick  with  steel  frame  on  concrete 
foundation.  Boiler  Houses  are  galvanized  corrugated  iron 
with  steel  frames  on  concrete  foundations.  Boiler  houses, 
two,  564  ft.  x  49  ft.;  power  house,  165  ft.  x  40  ft.; 
Electrical  Galleries,  165  ft.  x  34  ft. 

Boilers:  Thirty-four  1043  h.p.  water  tube.  Four  with 
superheaters.  Metropolitan  Cinder  Catchers. 

Stokers :      One  ten  retort  underfeed  for  each  boiler. 

Stoker  Drive:     Twelve  7x8  vertical  reciprocating  engines. 

Forced  Draft:  Ten  turbine-driven  blowers  each  having  a 
capacity  of  100,000  cu.  ft.  per  minute,  6  in.  static 
pressure. 

Stacks:  Four  16  ft.  unlined  steel  stacks,  264  ft.  above 
boiler-house  floor. 

Coal  Handling:  Three  200-tons  per  hour  locomotive  cranes 
each  having  a  5  cu.  yd.  bucket.  Coal  picked  up  by 
cranes  and  dropped  into  crusher  cars  on  top  of  building. 

Ash  Handling:  Industrial  railway  having  three-ton  battery 
locomotives  and  side  dump  cars. 

Service  Pumps:  Eight  6,000  g.p.m.  turbine-driven,  supply- 
ing water  to  station  and  plant  in  general.  Three  2500 
g.p.m.  turbine-driven  centrifugal  pumps  for  fire  service. 
Two  2500  g.p.m.  turbine-driven  centrifugal  pumps  for 
town  supply. 

Feed  Pumps:  Six  1,000  g.p.m.  three-stage  centrifugal  pumps 
turbine-driven. 

51 


52  EXPLOSIVES  PLANT  "C" 

Heaters:  Three  open  feed  water  heaters  each  600,000  Ibs. 
per  hour. 

Generating  Equipment:  Three  1,000  kw.,  6600  volt, 
3  phase,  60  cycle  turbo-generators. 

Steam  Conditions :  200  Ibs.  saturated  for  general  use  in 
plant  and  200  Ibs.  with  100°  F.  superheat  for  power 
house. 

Exciters:  One  25  kw.  turbine-driven.  Three  12.5  kw.  direct 
connected. 

Series  Lighting  Circuits:  Four  34  kv.a.  series  lighting 
circuits. 

Transformers:  Six  150  kv.a.  6600/240  volts.  Five  34  kw. 
Constant  current  6.6  amps. 

Motor  Generator:     One  10  kw.  125  volt. 

Switching  Equipment:  Remote  control  electrically  operated 
oil  circuit  breakers. 

Storage  Battery:     One  60-cell,  200  amp.  for  one  hour. 

Reactance  Coils:  Six  single-phase,  6  kv.a.  26  amp.,  60 
cycle,  6600  volt. 

Traveling  Crane  in  Power  House:     Hand  operated. 
District  Served:     Explosives  Plant  "C." 
Built:     1918. 


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PRUDENTIAL  OIL  CORPORATION 

Baltimore,  Maryland 


BOILER  HOUSE,  PRUDENTIAL  OIL  CORPORATION 


PRUDENTIAL  OIL  CORPORATION 

CURTIS  BAY  (BALTIMORE,  MD.) 

Capacity:     3900  boiler  h.p. 

Building:  Concrete  foundations,  brick  walls  and  steel  roof 
trusses. 

Boilers:  Six  650  h.p.  water  tube  boilers  with  combination 
stoker  and  gas  or  oil  firing.  One  1,000  h.p.  gas-fired 
superheater. 

Stokers:      Seven  retort  underfeed  for  each  boiler. 

Stoker  Drive:  Two  single  cylinder  and  one  two-cylinder 
non-condensing  engines  driving  line  shaft. 

Forced   Draft:     Two  80,000  cu.   ft.   turbine-driven  blowers. 

Stacks:  Two  radial  brick  stacks  each  9  ft.  diameter,  200 
ft.  above  boiler  room  floor. 

Coal  Handling:  20-ton  locomotive  crane  raises  coal  from 
cars  to  hopper. 

Ash  Handling:     8  in.  steam  jet  ash-conveyor. 
Steam  Conditions:     135  Ib.  pressure. 

Feed  Pump:  Two  250  g.p.m.  and  one  600  g.p.m.  cen- 
trifugal pumps,  turbine-driven. 

Heaters :  One  open-feed  water  heater,  4,000  h.p. 
District  Served:  Supplies  steam  to  oil  refinery. 
Built:  1915.  Extension  added  in  1920. 


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WILLIAMSBURG  POWER  STATION 

ANNEX  '-  '    .        ••'        , 

Brooklyn  Rapid  Transit  Company 
Brooklyn,  New  York 


WlLLIAMSBURG     POWER     STATION     ANNEX,     BROOKLYN,     N.     Y 


WILLIAMSBURG    STATION    ANNEX 

BROOKLYN  RAPID  TRANSIT  COMPANY 
BROOKLYN,  N.  Y. 

Capacity:     70,000  kw. 

Building:     Brick   with   steel   frame    on   concrete   foundations. 
Turbine  room,  126  ft.  x  75  ft. 

Generating  Equipment:     Two  35,000  kw.,  11,000  volt,  25 
cycle,  3  phase,  horizontal  turbo-generators. 

Condensing   Equipment:     Two  50,000  sq.   ft.   surface   con- 
densers with  turbine-driven  auxiliaries. 

Feed  Pumps:     Three  8  in.,  1,000  g.p.m.  five-stage  turbine- 
driven. 

Heaters:      Two  open-type,  1,000,000  Ibs.  per  hour. 
Service  Pumps:     One  1,000  g.p.m.  turbine-driven. 
Traveling  Crane:     One  100  ton,  four  motor. 
Exciters:     Two  135  kw.  direct  connected  to  generators. 

Switching    Equipment:     Remote    control    electrically    oper 
ated  oil  switches. 

Storage  Battery :  One  59  cell,  320  for  one  hour. 

Reactance  Coils:  On  feeders  and  bus. 

District  Served:  Railway  System  of  Brooklyn. 
Built:     1920. 


77 


78 


WILLIAMSBURG  STATION  ANNEX 


WILLIAMSBURG  STATION  ANNEX 


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WILLIAMSBURG  STATION  ANNEX 


HELL  GATE  STATION 

The  United  Electric  Light  and  Power  Company 
New  York  City 


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HELL    GATE    STATION 

THE  UNITED  ELECTRIC  LIGHT  AND  POWER  COMPANY 
NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 

Capacity:     Initial,  150,000  kw.     Ultimate,  300,000  kw. 

Building  :  Brick  with  steel  frame,  concrete  foundation  ;  Boiler 
Room,  133  ft.  x  369  ft.  ;  Turbine  Room,  100  ft.  x  369  ft.  ; 
Electrical  Galleries,  reinforced  concrete  with  bearing  walls, 
105  ft.  x  211  ft. 


Boilers:  Initial,  12,  1890  h.p.,  water  tube  with  2135  sq.  ft. 
superheated  surface  per  boiler. 

Stokers:     Initial,  two  14  retort  (double  end)  for  each  boiler. 

Stoker  Drive:  Constant  speed  A.C.  motors  with  variable 
speed  transmission. 

Forced  Draft:  Initial,  eight  double  inlet  motor-driven  blow- 
ers each  having  a  capacity  of  120,000  cu.  ft.  per  minute 
at  7  in.  static  pressure. 

Stacks:  Four  22  ft.  dia.  steel  brick-lined,  258  ft.  above 
boiler  floor. 

Coal  Handling:  Two  two-ton  electrically  operated  steel 
towers  (grab  buckets  raise  coal  from  barges  to  hoppers 
and  crushers  at  top  of  tower),  cable  cars  to  bunkers. 
Skip  hoist  and  drag  scraper  for  coal  storage. 

Ash  Handling:  Hydraulic  trough  system  with  traveling 
grab  buckets  over  pits. 

Generating  Equipment:  Initial,  two  40,000  kw.  13200 
volt,  60  cycle,  3  phase,  horizontal  turbo-generators,  90  % 
P.F.  Two  35,000  kw.  11400  volt,  25  cycle,  3  phase, 
horizontal  turbo-generator  unity  power  factor.  Two 
2,000  kw.  2350  volt,  60  cycle,  3  phase,  non-condensing 
horizontal  house  turbines,  80%  P.F. 

Steam   Conditions:     250   Ibs.   pressure,   200°    F.   superheat. 

83 


84  HELL  GATE  STATION 

Condensers:  Initial,  four  2  pass,  50,000  sq.  ft.  surface  with 
70,000  g.p.m.  pumping  equipment  for  each. 

Circulating  Pumps:  Initial,  two  35,000  g.p.m.  pumps  for 
each  condenser. 

Condensate  Pumps:  Four  1200  g.p.m.  and  four  1350 
g.p.m.  motor-driven. 

Traveling  Crane:  Initial,  one  4  motor  110  ton  with  10  ton 
auxiliary  hoist.  One  90  ton  with  50  ton  auxiliary  hoist 
on  separate  trolley. 

Feed  Pumps:  Initial,  four  1,000  g.p.m.  motor-driven  and 
two  1,000  g.p.m.  steam-driven. 

Fire  Pumps:      One  1,000  g.p.m.,  turbine-driven. 
Booster  Pumps:     Four  750  g.p.m.,  motor-driven. 

Closed  Heater  Condensate  Pumps:  Four  200  g.p.m., 
motor-driven. 

Fresh  Water  Pumps:     Two  100  g.p.m.,  motor-driven. 
Ash  Handling  Pumps:     Three   5,000   g.p.m.,  motor-driven. 
Service    Pumps:      Initial,    two    1,000    g.p.m.,    motor-driven. 

Heaters:  Initial,  two  open  cylindrical  type,  1,000,000  Ibs. 
per  hour.  Four  1750  sq.  ft.,  closed  type. 

Exciters:  Initial,  one  165  kw.,  direct  connected  to  each  60 
cycle  turbine.  One  135  kw.,  direct  connected  to  each  25 
cycle  turbine.  Two  25  kw.,  250  volt  D.C.,  motor-driven, 
and  two  25  kw.,  250  volt  D.C.,  turbine-driven,  for  house 
alternators. 

Transformers:  Initial,  two  banks  of  three  2500  kv-a.,  13200/ 
2300  volts. 

Motor  Generators:  Initial  and  ultimate,  six  50  kw.,  250 
volt  D.C.  for  switch  control  and  emergency  lighting. 

Switching  Equipment:  Remote  control,  isolated  phase, 
electrically  operated  oil  switches. 

Storage  Batteries:  Initial,  two  118  cell,  240  ampere  hour, 
batteries  for  switch  control.  One  104  cell,  240  ampere 
hour,  storage  for  emergency  lighting. 


HELL  GATE  STATION  85 

Reactance  Coils:  Initial,  generators  (5%  each)  2  sets  of 
1920  amp.,  60  cycle,  single  phase,  13200  volt,  730  kv.a. 
Two  sets  of  1840  amp.,  25  cycle,  single  phase,  11,000 
volts,  585  kv.a.  Bus  ties  (5%  each),  2  sets  of  1920 
amps.,  60  cycle  single  phase,  13200  volt,  730  kv.a.  Two 
sets  of  1840  amp.,  25  cycle,  single  phase,  11,000  volts, 
585  kv.a.  Feeders  (3%),  34  sets  of  350  amperes,  single 
phase,  67  and  80  kv.a.  Interstation  ties  (5%),  12  sets 
of  350  amperes,  single  phase,  111  and  134  kv.a.  House 
transformer  (12%),  2  sets  263  amps.,  60  cycle,  single 
phase,  13200  volt,  256  kv.a.  2300  volt  bus  ties  (20%), 
1  set  1510  amps.,  400  kv.a. 

District  Served:  Borough  of  Manhattan,  Queens  and  the 
Bronx,  and  County  of  Westchester. 

Station  Built:     1921. 


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FEEDER  SWITCHES,   HELL   GATE   STATION 


WATERSIDE  STATION  NO.  1 

The  New  York  Edison  Company 
New  York  City 


WATERSIDE    STATION    NO.    1 

THE  NEW  YORK  EDISON  COMPANY 
NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 

Capacity:     174,000  kw. 

Building:  Brick  with  steel  frame,  concrete  foundation  rest- 
ing directly  on  bed  rock.  Boiler  Room,  272  ft.  x  81  ft. 
Turbine  Room,  272  ft.  x  96  ft.  Electrical  Galleries,  seven 
floors,  272  ft.  x  19  ft. 

Boilers:  Fifty-four  650  h.p.  water  tube  with  superheaters. 
Equipped  with  Metropolitan  Cinder  Catchers,  located  on 
two  floors. 

Stokers :      One  seven  retort  underfeed  stoker  for  each  boiler. 

Stoker  Drive:  Four  direct  current  motors.  Twelve  single- 
acting  double  cylinder  engines. 

Forced  Draft:      18  turbine-driven  blowers. 

Stacks:  17  ft.  in  dia.,  lined  steel.  Height  above  grates  of 
lower  tier  boilers,  255  ft. 

Coal  Handling:  Two  one-man  towers  over  the  bulkhead  for 
unloading  barges  and  delivering  coal  to  belt  and  bucket 
conveyor,  thence  to  bunkers. 

Ash  Handling:     Industrial  cars,  belt  conveyor  and  skip  hoist. 
Steam  Conditions:     200  Ibs.  pressure  110-115°  F.  superheat. 

Condensers:  Two  2  pass,  50,000  sq.  ft.  surface.  Three 
30,000  sq.  ft.  surface  (base  type).  Three  3  pass,  19,253 
sq.  ft.  surface.  One  2  pass,  18,000  sq.  ft.  surface. 

Feed  Pumps:      Six  1,000  g.p.m.,  turbine-driven. 

Heaters :  Two  cylindrical  feed  water  with  a  capacity  of 
2,400,000  Ibs.  per  hour. 

Service  Pumps:  Two  1,000  g.p.m.  centrifugal  pumps,  tur- 
bine-driven. 

109 


110  WATERSIDE  STATION  NO.  1 

Generating  Equipment:  Two  35,000  kw.,  6600  volt,  25 
cycle,  1500  r.p.m.  horizontal  turbo-generators.  Three 
20,000  kw.,  6600  volt,  3  phase,  25  cycle,  750  r.p.m., 
vertical  turbo-generators.  Two  10,000  kw.,  66004  volt, 
3  phase,  25  cycle,  500  r.p.m.,  vertical  turbo-generators. 
One  9,000  kw.,  7500  volt,  3  phase,  60  cycle,  600  r.p.m., 
vertical  turbo-generators.  One  7500  kw.,  6600  volt,  3 
phase,  25  cycle,  500  r.p.m.,  vertical  turbo-generators. 
One  7500  kw.,  7500  volt,  3  phase,  60  cycle,  720  r.p.m., 
vertical  turbo-generators. 

Exciters:  Three  150  kw.,  280  volt,  536  amp.,  motor-driven. 
Four  150  kw.,  280  volt,  536  amp.,  motor-driven.  One 
150  kw.,  250  volt,  600  amp.,  motor-driven. 

Transformers :  Four  banks,  6,000  kw.,  25  cycle,  7800/15600 
volt.  Two  banks,  8,400  kw.,  25  cycle,  6600/13200  volt. 
Two  banks,  6,000  kw.,  60  cycle,  7800/15600  volt. 

Motor  Generator:  Two  500  kw.  generators,  675  h.p.,  in- 
duction motors. 

Switching  Equipment:  Remote  control,  electrically  oper- 
ated, oil  switches. 

Storage  Batteries:  One  140  cell,  4,000  amp.  for  one  hour. 
One  150  cell,  4,000  amp.  for  one  hour. 

Traveling  Crane:  One  four-motor  110-ton  electric  with  a 
ten-ton  auxiliary  hook,  95  ft.  span.  One  50-ton  electric. 

Reactance  Coils:  Eight  sets  of  three  each  on  generators. 
Five  3  phase  coils  of  three  each  on  exciters.  Two  3  phase 
coils  of  three  each  on  motor  gen.  Four  sets  of  three 
each  on  station  bus  ties.  Two  sets  of  three  each  on 
railway  bus  ties.  Two  sets  of  three  each  on  transformers. 
Sixty-eight  3  phase  coils  on  feeders. 

District  Served:     Boroughs  of  Manhattan  and  Bronx. 
Station  Built:     1901. 


WATERSIDE  STATION  NO.  1 


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WATERSIDE  STATION  NO.  2 

The  New  York  Edison  Company 
New  York  City 


WATERSIDE  STATION  No.  2,  NEW  YORK   CITY 


WATERSIDE    STATION  NO.    2 

THE  NEW  YORK  EDISON  COMPANY 
NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 

Capacity:     151,000  kw. 

Building :  Brick  with  steel  frame,  concrete  foundations  on 
solid  rock.  Boiler  Room,  332  ft.  x  122  ft.  Turbine 
Room,  306  ft.  x  57  ft.  Electrical  Galleries,  seven  floors, 
306  ft.  x  15  ft. 

Boilers :  Ninety-two  650  h.p.  water  .tube  with  superheaters. 
Equipped  with  Metropolitan  Cinder  Catchers,  located  on 
two  floors. 

Stokers :  Four  hand-fired.  One  hydraulic  operated.  Eighty- 
six,  line  shaft,  motor-driven.  One  chain  grate. 

Stoker  Drive :  Sixteen  7x6  engines  and  six  direct  current 
motors. 

Forced  Draft:  Thirty-two  engine-driven  blowers  rated  at 
90,000  cu.  ft.  per  minute.  Fourteen  turbine-driven  blow- 
ers rated  at  120,000  cu.  ft.  per  minute. 

Stacks:  Four  21  ft.  in  diam.,  lined  steel.  Height  above 
grates  of  lower  tier  297  ft. 

Coal  Handling:  Two  1%  ton  clamshell  buckets  raise  coal 
from  barges  to  hoppers  at  top  of  tower ;  cable  cars  to 
bunkers. 

Ash  Handling:  Dump  cars  and  electric  locomotive  to  skip 
hoists  discharging  into  bunker  over  bulkhead. 

Steam  Conditions:  200  Ibs.  pressure  and  110°-115°  F. 
superheat. 

Condensers:  One  2  pass,  50,000  sq.  ft.  surface.  One  2 
pass,  25,000  sq.  ft.  surface.  Two  3  pass,  23,000  sq.  ft. 
surface.  Six  2  pass,  18,000  sq.  ft.  surface. 

Exciters:     Five  150  kw.  motor-driven. 

119 


120  WATERSIDE  STATION  NO.  2 

Transformers:  One  bank  6,000  kw.,  60  cycle,  7800/15600 
volt.  One  bank  8400  kw.,  60  cycle,  7800/15600  volt. 
Two  banks  12,000  kw.,  25  cycle,  6500/19500  volt. 

Motor  Generators:  One  500  kw.,  300  volt,  675  h^  motor. 
One  500  kw.,  270  volt,  750  h.p.  motor. 

Switching  Equipment:  Remote  control,  electrically  oper- 
ated oil  switches. 

Feed  Pumps:  Eight  5  stage,  1,000  g.p.m.,  centrifugal 
pumps,  turbine-driven. 

Heaters:  Four  open  feed  water  heaters,  500,000  Ibs.  per 
hour  capacity. 

Service  Pumps:  Three  4  stage,  6  inch,  1,000  g.p.m.,  tur- 
bine-driven. 

Generating  Equipment:  One  30,000  kw.,  3  phase,  6600 
volt,  25  cycle,  1500  r.p.m.,  horizontal  turbo-generator. 
One  21,000  kw.,  3  phase,  6600  volt,  25  cycle,  1500  r.p.m., 
horizontal  turbo-generator.  Two  14,000  kw.,  3  phase, 
6600  volt,  one  60  cycle  and  one  25  cycle,  750  r.p.m., 
vertical  turbo-generators.  Six  12,000  kw.,  3  phase,  6600 
volt,  25  cycle,  750  r.p.m.,  vertical  turbo-generators. 

Storage  Batteries:  One  150  cell,  4,000  amp.  for  one  hour. 
One  140  cell,  4,000  amp.  for  one  hour. 

Reactance  Coils:  Generators — Six  sets  of  3  each,  5% 
reactance  rated  on  12,000  kv.a.  One  set  of  3  each, 
5.8%  reactance  rated  on  14,000  kv.a.  One  set  of  3 
each,  6%  reactance  rated  on  32,000  kv.a.  One  set  of 
3  each,  6%  reactance  rated  on  30,000  kv.a.  Sixty-three 
3  phase,  2%  reactance  rated  on  6500  kv.a.  Exciters,  5 
sets  of  3  each,  2%  reactance  rated  on  150  kw.  Mot.  gen., 
2  sets  of  3  each,  3%  reactance  rated  on  2500  kw. 

Traveling  Crane:      One  50-ton  electric.     One  75-ton  electric. 

District  Served :  Manhattan  Island  connections  with  Water- 
side No.  1,  Third  Avenue  R.R.  and  United  Electric  Light 
and  Power  Company  Station. 

Built:     1907. 


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WASHINGTON  STREET  STATION 

Utica  Gas  and  Electric  Company 
Utica,  New  York 


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UTICA  GAS  AND  ELECTRIC  COMPANY 
UTICA,  N.  Y. 

Capacity:     20,000  kw. 

Building:  Brick  with  steel  frame  on  piles.  Main  Boiler 
House,  121  ft.  x  88  ft.  Boiler  House  extension,  50  ft.  x 
67  ft.  Operating  Room,  118  ft.  x  52  ft.  Electrical 
Galleries,  85  ft.  x  30  ft. 

Boilers:  Twelve  650  h.p.  and  four  280  h.p.  water  tube  with 
superheaters. 

Stokers :  Seven  retort  underfeed  for  nine  650  h.p.  boilers. 
Balance  of  boilers  hand-fired. 

Stoker  Drive :    Six  5x5  vertical  engines. 

Forced  Draft:  One  80,000  cu.  ft.  p.m.,  motor-driven  blower. 
One  80,000  cu.  ft.  p.m.,  turbine-driven  blower.  One 
60,000  cu.  ft.  p.m.,  motor-driven  blower.  One  60,000 
cu.  ft.  p.m.,  turbine-driven  blower. 

Stacks:  One  10  ft.  dia.,  steel,  150  ft.  high.  One  12  ft,  dia., 
brick,  175  ft.  high. 

Coal  Handling:  Coal  is  carried  into  the  station  by  bucket 
conveyor  and  into  storage  by  telpher  system. 

Ash  Handling:      Steam  jet  conveyor  and  industrial  railway 
Steam    Conditions:      180   Ibs.    pressure,   100°    F.   superheat. 

Condensing  Equipment:  Jet  condensers  with  turbine  or 
engine-driven  auxiliaries. 

Traveling  Crane:     Fifteen  ton,  hand  operated. 
Feed  Pumps:      Three  460  g.p.m.  centrifugal,  turbine-driven. 
Heaters:     One  7,000  h.p.  open  feed  water. 

131 


132         WASHINGTON  STREET  STATION 

Generating  Equipment:  One  7500  kw.,  2300  volt,  60  cycle, 
3  phase,  horizontal  turbo-generator.  Two  5,000  kw., 
4,000  volt,  60  cycle,  2  phase,  horizontal  turbo-generators. 
One  2500  kw.,  4,000  volt,  60  cycle,  2  phase,  Jurbo- 
generator. 

Exciters:  Two  75  kw.  and  two  30  kw.,  125  volt,  motor- 
driven.  One  35  kw.  steam-driven. 

Transformers:  Three  3,000  kv.a.  banks,  2300/22000  volt, 
3  phase.  Two  6,000  kv.a.  banks,  4000/13000  volt,  2 
phase  to  3  phase. 

Motor  Generators:     One  15  kw.,  125  volt,  steam-driven. 

Switching  Equipment:  Electrically  operated  oil  circuit 
breakers. 

Storage  Battery:     One  59  cell,  320  ampere,  for  one  hour. 

District  Served:  Utica,  Rome,  Ilion,  Little  Falls  and  sur- 
rounding territory. 

Built:      1901,  extension  1917. 


WASHINGTON  STREET  STATION 


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WASHINGTON  STREET  STATION 


WASHINGTON  STREET  STATION 


137 


SWITCHBOARD,  WASHINGTON   STREET  STATION 


TRENTON  FALLS  STATION 

Utica  Gas  and  Electric  Company 
Trenton  Falls,  New  York 


TRENTON    FALLS    HYDRO-ELECTRIC 
STATION 

UTICA  GAS  AND   ELECTRIC  COMPANY 
WEST  CANADA  CREEK,  N.  Y.  (UTICA) 


Capacity:    23,200  kw. 

Building:  Concrete  with  steel  frame  on  concrete  foundation. 
Operating  Room,  104  ft.  x  32  ft.  Electrical  Galleries, 
104  ft.  x  32  ft. 

Generating  Equipment:  Four  1,000  kw.,  2200  volt,  3 
phase,  60  cycle  generators.  Three  6400  kw.,  13200  volt, 
3  phase,  60  cycle  generators.  80%  power  factor. 

Exciters:  Two  125  kw.,  125  volt,  direct  connected.  Two 
75  kw.,  Pelton  wheel.  One  80  kw.,  Pelton  wheel. 

Transformers:  Three  6,000  kv.a.,  13200/44000  volt,  3  phase 
banks.  One  3,000  kv.a.,  13200/2200  volt,  3  phase  banks. 

Switching  Equipment:  Electrically  operated  oil  circuit 
breakers. 

Storage  Battery:     One  59  cell,   120  ampere,  for  one  hour. 
Reactance  Coils:     Three  sets  on  ultimate  incoming  feeders. 
Traveling  Crane:     50-ton  motor-driven. 
District  Served:     Ilion,  Utica  and  Rome,  New  York. 
Station  Built:     Extension  1917. 


141 


TRENTON  FALLS  STATION 


TRENTON  FALLS  STATION 


144 


TRENTON  FALLS  STATION 


DAM,  TRENTON  FALLS  STATION 


TRENTON  FALLS  STATION 


145 


WOOD  STAVE  PIPE  LINE,  TRENTON  FALLS  STATION 


146 


TRENTON  FALLS  STATION 


TRENTON  FALLS  STATION 


147 


HALES  BAR  STATION 

Chattanooga  and  Tennessee  River  Power  Company 
Chattanooga,  Tennessee 


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HALES  BAR  HYDRO-ELECTRIC  STATION 

CHATTANOOGA  AND  TENNESSEE  RIVER  POWER 

COMPANY 
HALES  BAR,  TENN. 

Capacity:     46,330  kw. 

Building:  Concrete  with  steel  frame.  Operating  Building, 
220  ft.  x  66  ft.  foundation  on  solid  rock.  Switch  and 
Transformer  Building,  133  ft.  x  66  ft.,  foundation  on 
concrete  piers. 

Generating  Equipment:  Ten  3133  kw.,  3  phase,  60  cycle, 
6600  volt,  vertical  turbo-generators.  Four  3750  kw.,  3 
phase,  60  cycle,  6600  volt,  vertical  turbo-generators. 

Exciters:     Four  100  kw.  direct  connected. 

Transformers:  Two  banks  of  three  3133  kv.a.,  6600/44000 
volt,  oil  insulated  water  cooled.  Three  10,000  kv.a.,  3 
phase,  6600/120,000  volt,  oil  insulated  water  cooled. 

Motor  Generators:  Four  sets,  each  250  kw.,  250  volt,  720 
r.p.m.,  driven  by  375  h.p.,  220  volt  motor. 

Switching  Equipment:  Remote  control,  electrically  oper- 
ated oil  switches. 

Storage  Battery:     One  120  cell,  160  amp.  for  one  hour. 
Reactance  Coils:     Five  sets  875  ampere. 
Traveling  Crane :     50-ton  motor-driven. 

District  Served:  The  44,000  volt  and  120,000  volt  system 
at  Chattanooga  and  vicinity. 

Station  in  Service:     1913. 

(Bogert   and  Pohl   associated   with   author   on   design   of   this 

station.) 

151 


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155 


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HALES    BAR  STATION 


COHOES  FALLS  STATION 

Cohoes  Power  and  Light  Corporation 
Cohoes,  New  York 


COHOES    HYDRO-ELECTRIC    STATION 

COHOES  POWER  AND  LIGHT  CORPORATION 
COHOES,  NEW  YORK 

(Designed  by  Sanderson  and  Porter  under  supervision  of  the 

author.) 

Capacity :     28,800  kw. 

Building:  Brick  with  steel  frame  on  concrete  foundation. 
Operating  Room,  165  ft.  x  40  ft.  Switch  Room,  83  ft.  x 
25  ft.  Electrical  Galleries,  165  ft.  x  25  ft. 

Generating  Equipment:  Four  7200  kw.,  40  cycle,  3  phase, 
12,000  volt,  vertical  turbo-generators,  80%  p.f.  Fourth 
unit  in  service  December  1,  1921. 

Exciters:     Two  165  kw.,  250  volt,  800  r.p.m.,  motor-driven. 

Transformers:  Four  single-phase  in  two  banks,  each  rated 
400  kv.a.,  1200/2300  volts. 

Motor  Generators:     One  battery  charging. 

Switching  Equipment:  Remote  control  electrically  oper- 
ated oil  switches. 

Storage  Battery:  One  60  cell,  120  volt,  200  amp.  for  one  hour. 

Reactance  Coils:  Eighteen  40  cycle,  3  phase,  12,000  volts, 
66  kv.a.,  on  feeders ;  six  40  cycle,  12,000  volts,  58  kv.a., 
on  transformers. 

Traveling  Crane:     Fifty  ton  motor-driven. 

District  Served:  Cities  of  Albany  and  Cohoes  and  sur- 
rounding communities. 

Built:     1915. 


159 


COHOES  STATION 


CROSS   SECTION,   COHOES   STATION 


COHOES  STATION 


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SUBSTATIONS 


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OUTDOOR  SUBSTATION,  RIVERSIDE  STATION,  MUNICIPAL  GAS  Co. 


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SUBSTATIONS 


SUBSTATIONS 


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14  DAY  USE 

RETURN  TO  DESK  FROM  WHICH  BORROWED 

LOAN  DEPT. 

This  book  is  due  on  the  last  date  stamped  below,  or 

on  the  date  to  which  renewed. 
Renewed  books  are  subject  to  immediate  recall. 


LD  21A-60m-4,'64 
(E4555slO)476B 


General  Library 

University  of  Californii 

Berkeley 


